A recent study suggests that flame retardants found in car seat foam might heighten exposure to potentially cancer-causing substances, particularly during warmer months. Researchers advocate for governmental revisions to regulations, proposing the elimination of flame retardants in vehicles to mitigate health risks, as concerns about their safety and efficacy mount. The investigation, detailed in Environmental Science & Technology, involved testing the cabin air of 101 cars—electric, gas, and hybrid models spanning from 2015 to 2022—across 30 states during both winter and summer seasons.
Initially introduced to meet standards outlined by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302, flame retardants have been utilized in various consumer products, including car seat foam. However, the study's authors, highlighting potential adverse effects, urge the NHTSA to revisit these regulations, initially established in the 1970s.
Researchers identified several concerning flame retardants present in car cabins, with TCIPP being the most prevalent, found in approximately 99% of vehicles tested during both seasons. TNBP and TEP were also detected, with higher levels observed during warmer months due to increased off-gassing triggered by elevated temperatures. Foam seat samples from 51 cars revealed the presence of toxic flame retardants, including TDCIPP and TCEP, further underscoring health concerns.
Interestingly, vehicles with all-electric engines exhibited significantly lower levels of TDCIPP and TNBP compared to gas-powered and hybrid counterparts. However, the exact cause of this discrepancy remains unclear, with factors such as brand prevalence potentially playing a role.
Despite arguments asserting the protective benefits of flame retardants, concerns persist regarding their overall efficacy and potential health risks. While proponents cite decreased structural fires and civilian deaths, critics argue that flame retardants may exacerbate fire toxicity without substantially reducing fire spread. Amidst this debate, the call for further research and regulatory reassessment echoes strongly within the automotive industry.
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